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Putting aside Lateral Thinking XIII (recommended, there are 2 problems to solve yet.), I found this really nice Logic - Problem. And also, to keep the Lateral Thinking Threads 

Here it is ...

Five pirates have obtained 100 gold coins and have to divide up the loot. The pirates are all extremely intelligent, treacherous and selfish (especially the captain).

The captain always proposes a distribution of the loot. All pirates vote on the proposal, and if half the crew or more go "Aye", the loot is divided as proposed, as no pirate would be willing to take on the captain without superior force on their side.

If the captain fails to obtain support of at least half his crew (which includes himself), he faces a mutiny, and all pirates will turn against him and make him walk the plank. The pirates start over again with the next senior pirate as captain.

What is the maximum number of coins the captain can keep without risking his life?

I knew this one already, so I won't post the answer.... 

This is more of a thought then an answer. I read somewhere about the human needs ( for lack of a better word like misspelled phycisie ) to hand on to the possible. So would the crew mutiny if the Captain ask this question: There are five of us. In order to be at 50% only takes two, So two of you will miss out. However if you all let me have all the treasure then it is possible all of you might get something. But if you do not like that Idea then you need to decide between yourselves which two will get something and which two get nothing

Because if the two who will miss out agree that a possible of maybe getting something is better then a certain of getting nothing, then it is possible that the Captain could get it all. Besides in the future, the Captain must take care of the crew to be successful. And Even if they get nothing now,There is a good chance of getting indirectly something ( like bought food ) later

Later

Can anyone explain what "superior force" means in the "as no pirate would be willing to take on the captain without superior force on their side."? Thanks!

It´s just part of ther problem, it means that the crew has no guts to do a rebellion, cause the most powerful man in the crew is the captain.
Nothing else.

This puzzle verges on game theory. The assumption that every pirate is greedy and seeks only to maximise his share without cooperating with another pirate is quite profound, because the rules of the game and the pirates' answers would change if one gives the pirates the capability to cut 50-50 (or other mutually maximising) deals with each other, their intelligence in game theory enabling them to do this without communicating. See also sstimson's earlier post.

The answer I think is that...
...the captain of the ship can keep 98 coins.

Explanation: Label pirates according to rank A, B, C, D, E where A is the current captain. Since there is the possibility of mutiny after which the number of pirates is reduced by one with the next highest in rank becoming captain, it is intuitive to approach this problem from the other end, that is, the case where only two pirates remain. The following table shows the distribution of coins which would result in more "aye"s for a given number of pirates left . (y) or (n) indicates whether the pirate of that table column would agree to that distribution.
Pirates left    A      B      C      D      E 
     2                             100(y)   0(n)
     3                       99(y)   0(n)   1(y)
     4                99(y)   0(n)   1(y)   0(n)
     5         98(y)   0(n)   1(y)   0(n)   1(y)
If the pirates were of a different logical (or gaming) disposition then, e.g. Pirate C and E might say (n) in the first round, ousting the captain, and Pirate B sharing 33-33-33 between himself, C and E in the next round. The best way for A to distribute the coins in the first round may then be A1-B33-C33-D0-E33, though I haven't thought this through sufficiently to be sure.

On a lighter note, why are pirates called pirates?
A: because they just arrghhh!  (sorry... )

Argh...I got the answer after ayw did...

My answer is also 98 

@ayw & S.H. Btw we've got spoier tags again, so we can stop the (at least for me) slightly annoying coloring of posts.... 

That´s very correct, well done!

Welcome back ayw.

Holmes wrote: Welcome back ayw.

Thanks, Holmes 

S.H. wrote: Argh...I got the answer after ayw did...

As Shinichi said, there's no winner in deductions, there's only one truth.
.. or something like that 

ps. Sayumi got it loooong before me. 

" In deductions there is no winning or losing, there is no being supeior or inferior, because there is only one single truth " - Kudo Shinichi

I have this one deep in my head, will never forget it.

And ayw, Sayumi had already known the answer.

Anyway, I still haven´t found a Lateral Thinking problem extremely difficult so you won´t know how to resolve it, Muahahahaha. Kidding 

I agree with that...But I believe that if one wants to improve, he/she must overcome challenges. 

Edit: Just added spoiler-tags.

googleearth wrote:

Spoiler:

I don't think you can answer this with absolute certainty because who says two of the pirates wouldn't say okay to an offer that gives them only 32 coins...
Assuming the captain proposes something like this:
Captain: 40 coins
Pirate 1: 30 coins
Pirate 2: 30 coins
Pirate 3: 0 coins
Pirate 4: 0 coins

Piarates 1 and 2 have to consider that if - by denying the offer - they cause a mutiny, which results in a captain that proposes an offer in which they get nothing like the "33-33-33-1-0" one that was stated in a previous post.

I wouldn't exactly call it dumb, if 1 and 2 agreed to this...

Edit: Just added spoiler-tags.

Read my earlier post and the question. If the Pirates can talk with each other it is possible in theory for the Captain to get it all. ( I still believe this is the best answer. Can you see Pirates other then the Captain wasting their spoils on like rum and when the BIG Spoils come, the Pirates are unable to do their duty. Think of the Captain like a bank. )

The question ask for THE MOST the Captain can ask for and still be the Captain.

Later

sstimson wrote: Read my earlier post and the question. If the Pirates can talk with each other it is possible in theory for the Captain to get it all. ( I still believe this is the best answer. Can you see Pirates other then the Captain wasting their spoils on like rum and when the BIG Spoils come, the Pirates are unable to do their duty. Think of the Captain like a bank. )

The question ask for THE MOST the Captain can ask for and still be the Captain.

Later